Par: Admin

30 sept. 2024

Aborder les mythes et les obstacles à l'avortement sécurisé en RDC


Auteur : Ansima Chimenesa Grace, Activiste, Juriste, Féministe


Le 1er octobre 2024, Repro Justice Congo a organisé un salon d’échange à Goma, à l’occasion de la Journée Internationale de l’Avortement Sécurisé, célébrée le 28 septembre. Cet événement a réuni 20 adolescentes at jeunes femmes désireuses d’en apprendre davantage sur les droits reproductifs et l’accès à un avortement sécurisé en République Démocratique du Congo (RDC). L’objectif de la rencontre était de déconstruire les nombreux mythes entourant l’avortement et de créer un espace de dialogue franc et ouvert pour sensibiliser sur cette question cruciale de santé publique.



Les participantes ont évoqué plusieurs croyances profondément enracinées, telles que l’idée que l’avortement entraîne nécessairement la mort, des infections graves, ou qu’il est moralement répréhensible. Le Dr Madeleine, qui facilitait l’échange, a pris soin de déconstruire ces idées reçues, en expliquant que les complications graves associées à l’avortement surviennent surtout lorsque celui-ci est réalisé de manière clandestine et non sécurisée. Elle a également souligné l’importance du Protocole de Maputo, un cadre juridique adopté par de nombreux pays africains, y compris la RDC, qui promeut les droits reproductifs et l’accès à des services d’avortement sécurisés.


Actuellement, la législation de la RDC en matière d’avortement est encadrée par le Code Pénal et le Protocole de Maputo, ratifié par le pays en 2018. Selon ces textes, l’avortement est permis uniquement dans des cas bien définis : lorsque la vie de la mère est en danger, en cas de viol, d’inceste ou de malformation fœtale grave. Cependant, l’application de ces dispositions légales reste limitée, et dans la pratique, très peu de femmes accèdent à un avortement sécurisé en raison de la stigmatisation, des obstacles administratifs et du manque d’information.



L’âge gestationnel pour lequel un avortement sécurisé est permis en RDC varie, mais généralement, l’interruption de grossesse est autorisée jusqu’à 12 semaines de grossesse, surtout en cas de viol ou d’inceste. Cependant, cette limite peut être étendue au-delà de 12 semaines lorsque la vie de la mère est en jeu ou en cas de malformation fœtale. Néanmoins, ces dispositions sont souvent mal comprises et mal appliquées, contribuant à un recours fréquent aux avortements clandestins, souvent réalisés dans des conditions précaires et dangereuses.


Les discussions lors du salon ont permis d’illustrer la déconnexion entre les droits inscrits dans les textes de loi et la réalité vécue par les femmes en RDC. Patricia, l’une des participantes, a partagé : « Cet échange m’a ouvert les yeux sur les droits reproductifs des femmes. Il est crucial que nous ayons accès à des informations et des services de santé sécurisés pour prendre des décisions éclairées. Cependant, je m’inquiète des critères très stricts que la loi impose pour accéder à l’avortement sécurisé. » Ce sentiment a été partagé par plusieurs autres jeunes femmes, soulignant la nécessité de poursuivre le plaidoyer pour l’accès à des services d’avortement sécurisé.



Un autre sujet majeur qui a émergé lors de la rencontre est la question de l’avortement autogéré. Certaines participantes ont soulevé l’idée que cette pratique pourrait être une alternative pour contourner la stigmatisation et les obstacles rencontrés auprès des prestataires de soins de santé. L’avortement autogéré, qui implique l’utilisation de médicaments pour interrompre une grossesse en dehors d’un cadre médicalisé, pourrait potentiellement offrir une solution aux femmes qui n’ont pas accès aux services de santé sécurisés. Cependant, comme l’ont souligné les participantes, cette pratique nécessite un encadrement légal et médical approprié pour éviter des complications sanitaires.



Selon les données récentes, environ 43 % des grossesses en RDC sont non désirées, et parmi celles-ci, un grand nombre aboutissent à des avortements non sécurisés. Les taux de mortalité maternelle liés à l’avortement clandestin restent élevés en RDC, en grande partie à cause du manque d’accès à des soins post-avortement adéquats. L’accès limité aux services de santé reproductive, la stigmatisation sociale et religieuse, ainsi que les contraintes légales strictes continuent de poser des défis majeurs pour les femmes qui cherchent à obtenir un avortement sécurisé.



Le salon d’échange a révélé un besoin urgent d’un plaidoyer accru pour une révision des lois actuelles, mais aussi pour une meilleure mise en œuvre des dispositions existantes, telles que celles prévues par le Protocole de Maputo. Il est crucial que les femmes en RDC aient un accès équitable et sans jugement aux services de santé reproductive, y compris l’avortement sécurisé.

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